Network analysis of affect, emotion regulation, psychological capital, and resilience among Chinese males during the late stage of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: Previous studies have confirmed that both affect and emotion regulation strategies are closely associated with psychological capital (PsyCap) and resilience. These factors are assumed to buffer the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health, especially among males. However, these interactions have not been closely examined to date. To fill this gap, this paper explores the dimension-level relationships of these psychological constructs among Chinese males during the late stage of the COVID-19 pandemic and identified critical bridge dimensions using network analysis. Methods: A total of 1,490 Chinese males aged 21-51 years completed self-report scales assessing emotion regulation strategies, affect, PsyCap, and psychological resilience. Two regularized partial correlation networks, namely the affect and emotion regulation-PsyCap network and the affect and emotion regulation-psychological resilience network, were then constructed to examine links between the dimensions of these constructs. The bridge expected influence (BEI) index was also calculated for each node to identify important bridge nodes. Results: Positive affect, negative affect, cognitive reappraisal, and expressive suppression showed distinct and complex links to various dimensions of PsyCap or psychological resilience. In both networks, positive affect, cognitive reappraisal, and negative affect were identified as critical bridge nodes, with the first two having positive BEI values and the third having a negative value. Conclusion: The findings elucidate the specific role of the dimensions of emotion regulation or affect in relation to PsyCap and psychological resilience, which facilitates further understanding of the mechanisms underlying these interrelationships. These findings also provide implications for developing effective intervention strategies to increase PsyCap and psychological resilience.

Dissecting the midlife crisis: disentangling social, personality and demographic determinants in social brain anatomy.

In any stage of life, humans crave connection with other people. In midlife, transitions in social networks can relate to new leadership roles at work or becoming a caregiver for aging parents. Previous neuroimaging studies have pinpointed the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) to undergo structural remodelling during midlife. Social behavior, personality predisposition, and demographic profile all have intimate links to the mPFC according in largely disconnected literatures. Here, we explicitly estimated their unique associations with brain structure using a fully Bayesian framework. We weighed against each other a rich collection of 40 UK Biobank traits with their interindividual variation in social brain morphology in ~10,000 middle-aged participants. Household size and daily routines showed several of the largest effects in explaining variation in social brain regions. We also revealed male-biased effects in the dorsal mPFC and amygdala for job income, and a female-biased effect in the ventral mPFC for health satisfaction.

Midlife in the 2020s: Opportunities and challenges.

Development is a cumulative, lifelong process, but strikingly little is known about development in midlife. As a consequence, many misconceptions exist about the nature of midlife and the developmental milestones and challenges faced by middle-aged adults. We first review dominant views and empirical research that has debunked false narratives. Next, we discuss major opportunities and challenges of midlife. This includes the unique constellation of roles and life transitions that are distinct from earlier and later life phases as well as shifting trends in mental and physical health and in family composition. We additionally highlight the importance of (historical shifts in) intergenerational dynamics of middle-aged adults with their aging parents, adult children, and grandchildren; financial vulnerabilities that emerge and often accrue from economic failures and labor market volatility; the shrinking social and health care safety net; and the rising costs of raising children. In doing so, we discuss issues of diversity and note similarities and differences in midlife experiences across race or ethnicity, sexual orientation, and socioeconomic status. We consider midlife as a pivotal period that includes a focus on balancing gains and losses, linking earlier and later life periods, and bridging generations. Finally, we propose possibilities for promoting reversibility and resilience with interventions and policy changes. The suggested agenda for future research promises to reconceptualize midlife as a key period of life, with a concerted effort to focus on the diversity of midlife experiences in order to meet the unprecedented challenges and opportunities in the 2020s and beyond. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

Gender Difference in the Relationship Among Family Function, Health Behavior, and Stress in Midlife.

This study investigated whether there are gender-based differences in the process wherein family functions influence stress through various health behaviors in midlife adults. A cross-sectional study was done using a convenience sample of 250 middle-aged Koreans. Data on the family APGAR index, four health behaviors (i.e., seeking health information, physical activity, healthy diet, and social interaction), and stress were collected by a self-administered survey and analyzed using hierarchical multiple linear regression analyses and a PROCESS macro for SPSS. The study results showed that an indirect effect of family function on stress through health behaviors was significant in women, whereas such a relationship was not shown in men. This study found that the process wherein family function is linked with stress through health behaviors differs by gender. Developing gender-specific interventions is essential to decrease stress in midlife adults.

Predicting Control Beliefs in Older Adults: A Micro-Longitudinal Study.

OBJECTIVES: The present study examined potential sources of intra- and inter-individual differences in older adults' control beliefs using a micro-longitudinal design. METHOD: Older adults (n = 205) ranging in age from 60 to 94 (M = 72.70, SD = 6.72) completed 8 in-person testing sessions within 3 weeks which included assessments of control beliefs (Locus of Control and Perceived Competence), physical health (physical symptoms and sleep self-efficacy), stressors, emotional well-being (Positive Affect and Negative Affect), and cognition (basic cognition tests, everyday cognition, and memory failures). RESULTS: Multilevel models indicated that on days when older adults had higher sleep self-efficacy, more positive affect, and less negative affect, they also had more internal locus of control and higher perceived competence. Having stressors on the previous occasion was associated with lower internal locus of control on the subsequent occasion. Physical symptoms, everyday cognition, and memory failures could be predictive of locus of control for some older adults. DISCUSSION: Our findings showed the differentiated antecedents of locus of control and perceived competence, the unique role of sleep self-efficacy, positive affect, and negative affect in understanding antecedents of both, as well as the need to study well-being and cognition antecedents of control beliefs in future studies.

Calidad de vida en trabajadores de mediana edad tras intervenciones en el puesto de trabajo: una revisión sistemática / Middle aged sorkers' quality of life after workplace interventions: a systematic review

INTRODUCCIÓN: Actualmente se está produciendo un acusado cambio demográfico en el que se observa un envejecimiento en la población activa. De hecho alrededor del 50% tiene 45 o más años. Resultando por tanto un desafío y una necesidad para nuestra sociedad el tratar de mejorar la calidad de vida de los trabajadores de mediana edad. OBJETIVO: Identificar y evaluar si la realización de intervenciones en el lugar de trabajo mejoran la calidad de vida de los trabajadores de mediana edad. METODOLOGÍA: Se ha realizado una revisión bibliográfica sistemática basada en la literatura publicada desde el 2004 hasta diciembre de 2018 en varias bases de datos científicas: MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, SCIELO y SCOPUS. RESULTADOS: La búsqueda produjo un total de 372 registros y tras la aplicación de la fórmula de búsqueda y criterios de exclusión e inclusión, se seleccionaron un total de 11 artículos (10 ensayos clínicos y 1 estudio de cohortes). Se evidenciaron resultados estadísticamente significativos en distintas intervenciones en el lugar de trabajo que lograron mejorar la calidad de vida de los trabajadores. CONCLUSIONES: La evidencia recopilada en esta revisión sistemática resulta consistente respecto a la capacidad que tienen las intervenciones que fomentan la salud y el bienestar en el lugar de trabajo para mejorar la calidad de vida de los trabajadores de mediana edad. Sin embargo sería recomendable la realización de nuevos estudios para poder ampliar este campo de conocimiento

INTRODUCTION: There is currently a marked demographic change in which the active population is in aging process. Actually around 50% is 45 or older. It is therefore a challenge and a necessity for our society to try to improve the quality of life of middle-aged workers. OBJECTIVE: To identify and evaluate if the implementation of interventions improve the quality of life of middle-aged workers at the workplace. METHODS: A systematic review based on the literature published since 2004 until December 2018 has been carried out in several scientific databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, SCIELO and SCOPUS. RESULTS: 372 records were obtained and a total of 11 articles were selected (10 clinical trials and 1 cohort study) after the search formula application and the exclusion and inclusion criteria. There were statistically significant results in different workplace interventions that managed to improve worker's quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: The evidence compiled in this systematic review is consistent with the capacity of interventions that promote health and well-being at the workplace to improve the quality of life of middle-aged workers. It would however, be advisable to carry out new studies in order to expand this field of knowledge

Changes in cytokines during treatment of elderly, hospitalized psychiatric patients - a naturalistic study.

Immunological abnormalities have been demonstrated in several psychiatric disorders. Predominantly, studies have focused on younger adults, and research on elderly psychiatric in-patients is scant. In this naturalistic study, we investigated changes in cytokine levels during the treatment of diagnostically unselected elderly psychiatric in-patients, and whether these changes could be related to clinical outcomes. Clinical variables, demographic data, lifestyle data, and blood samples, including 27 plasma cytokines representing a broad spectrum of inflammatory mediators, were collected from 81 patients, 60 years and older, at admission and discharge. A subgroup of 49 patients also completed a self-reported clinical, psychiatric status form, indicating their level of recovery during hospitalisation. Statistical analyses demonstrated that a broad range of cytokines fell during treatment, and the fall was associated with clinical improvement, irrespective of psychiatric and somatic diagnoses. Exploiting cytokines as biomarkers of clinical traits might to be of limited use in a general population of elderly psychiatric in-patients as the field stands now.

The Role of Current Family Relationships in Associations Between Childhood Abuse and Adult Psychological Functioning.

OBJECTIVES: Childhood abuse has long-term negative effects on adult psychological well-being. This study examined whether and how adults with a history of childhood abuse may experience poor psychological functioning partly due to aspects of current family relationships. METHOD: We estimated multilevel mediation models using 3 waves of longitudinal data from 3,487 participants in the study of Midlife Development in the United States. Outcomes measured included negative affect, life satisfaction, and psychological well-being. We included aspects of family relationships as mediators: perceived support, perceived strain, frequency of contact, and hours of providing instrumental and emotional support. RESULTS: Multilevel mediation models showed that childhood verbal and physical abuse negatively affected diverse aspects of family relationships in later adulthood (i.e., less perceived support, more perceived strain, less frequent contact, and fewer hours of providing instrumental support). We also found that less perceived support and more family strain significantly mediated the associations between childhood abuse and all 3 psychological functioning outcomes. DISCUSSION: Childhood abuse appears to hinder perceived availability of family support in adulthood, which may undermine the psychological functioning of adults with a history of childhood abuse. To improve their psychological health, interventions should focus on facilitating supportive and functional family relationships.

[Normative data of middle-aged and older Japanese adults for the the Japanese version of the Ten-Item Personality Inventory (TIPI-J)].

Objectives　The purpose of this study was to provide normative data of middle-aged and older adults for the Japanese version of the Ten-Item Personality Inventory (TIPI-J), based on the Big Five model of personality (Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness).Methods　We surveyed a random sample of community-dwelling middle-aged and older Japanese adults (aged 60-84 years, N=1,200, response rate: 70.8%) and used data from 776 participants (368 men and 408 women). We used the TIPI-J as a measure of the Big Five model of personality comprising ten items, which were measured on a seven-point Likert-type scale. We also assessed the socio-economic and health variables to describe the basic characteristics of participants.Results　Standard psychometric methods showed a near-normal score distribution across all subscales; there were significant sex differences in Neuroticism and Openness, and there was no significant difference with respect to age.Conclusion　This study provided a grand total table and normative data for the TIPI-J, and examined gender- and age-based differences in the TIPI-J among middle-aged and older adults using data from the general population of Japan. In the future, factors associated with the TIPI-J scores and predictive validity of the scale for health outcomes as external criteria should be examined to test the scale's usefulness for epidemiological surveys among middle-aged and older adults in community settings.

Representações sociais e práticas corporais de rejuvenescimento para mulheres de meia-idade / Social representations and bodily practices of rejuvenation for middle-aged women

Utilizando-se do aporte teórico das representações sociais, este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a relação entre as representações sociais (RS) do rejuvenescimento com práticas corporais relativas a este objeto em mulheres de meia idade, enfatizando atitudes, crenças e normas como elementos de mediação entre os dois construtos. Um levantamento de dados foi realizado com 100 mulheres de meia-idade (M=49 anos e 8 meses; DP= 6 anos e 9 meses) e o instrumento utilizado consistiu em um questionário estruturado. Foram consideradas 8 práticas corporais de rejuvenescimento, divididas em duas modalidades: práticas não invasivas (práticas alimentares, exercícios físicos, cosméticos/cremes anti-idade e tinturas para cabelo) e práticas minimamente invasivas e invasivas (Botox, peeling químico, preenchimento cutâneo e cirurgia plástica). Foram realizadas análises descritivo-relacionais, com auxílio do software SPSS. Os resultados mostram ampla aceitação de práticas corporais de rejuvenescimento, com maior aprovação de práticas não invasivas do que minimamente invasivas e invasivas. O rejuvenescimento enquanto objeto de saúde e bem-estar subjetivo foi uma representação compartilhada por todas as mulheres, no entanto, enquanto objeto de beleza, observaram-se crenças positivas entre as mulheres com atitudes mais favoráveis às práticas corporais de rejuvenescimento e negativas entre as desfavoráveis a estas práticas. As atitudes, crenças e normas referentes às práticas de rejuvenescimento se relacionaram à maior intencionalidade de adoção destas práticas, assim como a adoção concreta. Os resultados sugerem que há relação entre RS do rejuvenescimento e as práticas corporais relativa a este objeto, embora sejam necessários outros estudos para abordar em detalhes esta relação. (AU)

Using the theoretical framework of social representations (SR), this research aimed at analysing the relationship between the SR of rejuvenation and their associated body practices of rejuvenation among middle-aged women, emphasizing attitudes, beliefs and norms as elements of negotiation between the two constructs. A survey was conducted with 100 middle-aged women (M=49 years and 8 months; SD= 6 years and 9 months) and it used a structured questionnaire. It was considered 8 rejuvenation body practices, divided into two modalities: non-invasive practices (feeding practices, physical exercises, cosmetics/ anti-aging creams and dyeing of white hair) and minimally invasive and invasive practices (botox, chemical peels, dermal filling and plastic surgery). Descriptive-relational analyzes were performed with the support of the software SPSS. The results suggest wide acceptation of rejuvenation body practices, in special the non-invasive ones when compared with invasive and minimally invasive practices. The rejuvenation as an object of health and subjective well-being was a representation shared by all women, however, as an object of beauty, positive beliefs were observed among women with attitudes more favorable to body rejuvenation practices and negative among those unfavorable to these practices. The attitudes, beliefs and norms regarding rejuvenation practices were related to the greater intentionality of adopting these practices, as well as the concrete adoption. The results suggest that there is a relationship between RS of rejuvenation and body practices regarding this object, although further studies are needed to address this relationship in detail. (AU)

Motor sequencing in older adulthood: relationships with executive functioning and effects of complexity.

OBJECTIVE: Older adults' motor sequencing performance is more reliant on executive functioning (EF) and more susceptible to complexity than that of younger adults. This study examined for which aspects of motor sequencing performance these relationships hold. METHODS: Fifty-seven younger and 90 non-demented, community-dwelling, older adults completed selected subtests from the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System as indices of EF and component processes (CP; graphomotor speed; visual scanning; etc.), as well as a computerized motor sequencing task (Push Turn Taptap task; PTT). The PTT requires participants to perform motor sequences that become progressively more complex across the task's four blocks, and is designed to assess action planning, action learning, and motor control speed and accuracy. RESULTS: Hierarchical regressions using each discrete aspect of performance as the dependent variable revealed that action planning is the only aspect of motor sequencing that is uniquely related to EF (beyond the CP composite) for both age groups. Action learning and motor control accuracy are uniquely associated with EF for older adults only, and only if the sequences are complex. Component processes do not fully account for the unique relationships between motor sequencing and EF in older adults. CONCLUSIONS: These results clarify prior findings by showing (a) more aspects of motor sequencing relate to EF for older compared to younger adults and (b) for these unique relationships, EF is only related to action during the generation of sequences that are complex. These findings further our understanding of how aging shapes the links between EF and motor actions, and can be used in evidence-based and theoretically driven intervention programs that promote healthy aging.

Adaptação cultural do Questionário Reduzido de Autorregulação: sugestões de aplicação para área de voz / Cultural adaptation of the short Self-Regulation Questionnaire: suggestions for the speech area

RESUMO Objetivo Apresentar a versão traduzida e adaptada linguística e culturalmente para o português brasileiro do Short Self-Regulation Questionnaire (SSRQ) e verificar sua aplicabilidade para pacientes com disfonia. Método O SSRQ é um instrumento para avaliar a capacidade de autorregular o comportamento; possui 31 itens e gera três escores: o índice total da capacidade de autorregulação individual e os escores estabelecimento de objetivos e controle de impulsos. Cada item deve ser graduado por meio de uma escala de Likert de 5 pontos; o escore total varia de 29 a 145 pontos. O instrumento original foi traduzido e adaptado culturalmente para o português brasileiro por duas fonoaudiólogas fluentes em inglês, que combinaram suas traduções e realizaram ajustes linguísticos para compor uma versão única final. Essa versão foi retrotraduzida para o inglês por uma terceira fonoaudióloga com experiência em estudos de validação e sem conhecimento do instrumento original. A tradução e a retrotradução foram comparadas entre si e ao instrumento original em inglês por cinco fonoaudiólogas que chegaram a um consenso para mudanças adicionais. Dessa forma, produziu-se a versão final, chamada Questionário Reduzido de Autorregulação (QRAR), que foi aplicado em 45 indivíduos com e sem disfonia, escolhidos de forma aleatória em uma clínica escola. Resultados Nenhum item teve de ser eliminado, já que os respondentes não encontraram dificuldades em marcar suas respostas. Conclusão O Questionário Reduzido de Autorregulação (QRAR) foi traduzido e adaptado cultural e linguisticamente para o português brasileiro e pode ser aplicado, com êxito, em indivíduos com problemas de voz.

ABSTRACT Purpose To present the translated and linguistic and culturally adapted version of the Short self-regulation Questionnaire (SSRQ) for the Brazilian Portuguese and to check its applicability to patients with dysphonia. Methods The SSRQ is a tool used to evaluate the ability to self-regulate behavior; it has 31 items and generates three scores: total index of individual self-regulation capacity and partial scores for goal setting and impulse control. Each item should be scored by means of a Likert-type 5-point scale; the total score ranges from 29 to 145 points. The original instrument was translated and culturally adapted to Brazilian Portuguese by two English-speaking speech therapists who combined their translations and made linguistic adjustments to compose a single final version. This version was back-translated by a third speech therapist with experience in validation studies and without knowledge of the original instrument. The translation and the back-translation were compared with each other and with the original English version by five speech therapists that reached a consensus on additional changes. In this way, the final version was produced. This was called "Questionário Reduzido de Autorregulação" (QRAR). The QRAR was applied to 45 randomly chosen subjects with and without dysphonia in a teaching clinic. Results No item had to be eliminated, since the respondents did not find it difficult to indicate their answers. Conclusion The "Questionário Reduzido de Autorregulação" (QRAR) has been successfully translated and culturally and linguistically adapted to Brazilian and Portuguese and can be applied to individuals with voice problems.

Systemic Trans- and Postoperative Evaluations of Patients Undergoing Dental Implant Surgery.

OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study were to examine the trans- and postoperative systemic characteristics of patients undergoing dental implant surgery and to investigate the relationship between pre- and post- surgery anxiety levels. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-nine patients were analyzed in 3 call centers to determine anxiety levels, pain levels, and preoperative and postoperative histories using the State-Trait (STAI) questionnaire. RESULTS: A total of 93 dental implants were installed, with a success rate of 100%. The most frequently reported systemic disease was hypertension. There was a significantly higher rate of effective clamping (torque) to the mandibular bone than to the maxillary bone. The association between postoperative surgical complications and longer operative time was not significant, but there was a significant correlation between the alteration of mouth opening and daily routine activities and a significant decrease in anxiety levels between the day of surgery and the postoperative time point (p =0.006). CONCLUSION: A longer surgical time was associated with surgery-related complications and with a higher anxiety index on the preoperative evaluation.

Interactive effects of age and gender on EEG power and coherence during a short-term memory task in middle-aged adults.

The effects of age and gender on electroencephalographic (EEG) activity during a short-term memory task were assessed in a group of 40 healthy participants aged 22-63 years. Multi-channel EEG was recorded in 20 younger (mean = 24.65-year-old, 10 male) and 20 middle-aged participants (mean = 46.40-year-old, 10 male) during performance of a Sternberg task. EEG power and coherence measures were analyzed in different frequency bands. Significant interactions emerged between age and gender in memory performance and concomitant EEG parameters, suggesting that the aging process differentially influences men and women. Middle-aged women showed a lower short-term memory performance compared to young women, which was accompanied by decreasing delta and theta power and increasing brain connectivity with age in women. In contrast, men showed no age-related decline in short-term memory performance and no changes in EEG parameters. These results provide first evidence of age-related alterations in EEG activity underlying memory processes, which were already evident in the middle years of life in women but not in men.

A cross-sectional study on quality of life among the elderly in non-governmental organizations' elderly homes in Kuala Lumpur.

BACKGROUND: There is a rapid increase in the population of the elderly globally, and Malaysia is anticipated to become an ageing nation in 2030. Maintaining health, social participation, reducing institutionalization, and improving quality of life of the elderly are public health challenges of the 21(st) century. Quality of life among elderly in Elderly Homes in Malaysia is under researched. This study aims to determine the quality of life and its associated factors among the Elderly in Elderly Homes in Kuala Lumpur. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study among 203 residents aged 60 years or more in eight randomly selected Elderly Homes in Kuala Lumpur in September 2014. Stratified simple random sampling was used to select participants. Study instruments included World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire-Brief Version (WHOQOL-BREF), Multidimensional Scale for Perceived Social Support, and a questionnaire for Socio-demographic variables. Data collection was by face to face interview. Univariate and Multivariate analysis were used to determine associations, and P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The mean (Standard deviation) for the physical domain was 14.3 (±2.7), 13.7 (±2.5) for the psychological domain, 10.8 (±3.4) for the social domain, and 13.0 (±2.5) for the environment domain. Factors significantly associated with quality of life included age, gender, level of education, economic status, outdoor leisure activity, physical activity, duration of residence, type of accommodation, co-morbidities, and social support. CONCLUSION: This study confirms that multiple factors are associated with quality of life among elderly in elderly homes. Social support, chronic co-morbidities, gender and outdoor leisure activity were significantly associated with all the domains of quality of life. Among the four domains of quality of life, the physical domain had the highest score while the social domain had the lowest score. This emphasizes the need for more social support-related interventions in these homes.

Regional Differences in Correlates of Daily Walking among Middle Age and Older Australian Rural Adults: Implications for Health Promotion.

Rural Australians are less physically active than their metropolitan counterparts, and yet very little is known of the candidate intervention targets for promoting physical activity in rural populations. As rural regions are economically, socially and environmentally diverse, drivers of regular physical activity are likely to vary between regions. This study explored the region-specific correlates of daily walking among middle age and older adults in rural regions with contrasting dominant primary industries. Participants were recruited through print and electronic media, primary care settings and community organisations. Pedometers were worn by 153 adults for at least four days, including a weekend day. A questionnaire identified potential intra-personal, social and environmental correlates of physical activity, according to a social ecological framework. Regression modelling identified independent correlates of daily walking separately in the two study regions. In one region, there were independent correlates of walking from all levels of the social ecological framework. In the other region, significant correlates of daily walking were almost all demographic (age, education and marital status). Participants living alone were less likely to be physically active regardless of region. This study highlights the importance of considering region-specific factors when designing strategies for promoting regular walking among rural adults.

Responses to Financial Loss During the Great Recession: An Examination of Sense of Control in Late Midlife.

OBJECTIVES: The "Great Recession" shocked the primary institutions that help individuals and families meet their needs and plan for the future. This study examines middle-aged adults' experiences of financial loss and considers how socioeconomic and interpersonal resources facilitate or hinder maintaining a sense of control in the face of economic uncertainty. METHOD: Using the 2006 and 2010 waves of the Health and Retirement Study, change in income and wealth, giving help to and receiving help from others, household complexity, and sense of control were measured among middle-aged adults (n = 3,850; age = 51-60 years). RESULTS: Socioeconomic resources predicted both the level of and change in the engagement of interpersonal resources prior to and during the Great Recession. Experiences of financial loss were associated with increased engagement of interpersonal resources and decreased sense of control. The effect of financial loss was dampened by education. Sense of control increased with giving help and decreased with household complexity. DISCUSSION: Findings suggest that, across socioeconomic strata, proportional loss in financial resources resulted in a loss in sense of control. However, responses to financial loss differed by socioeconomic status, which differentiated the ability to maintain a sense of control following financial loss.

Necesidad de trascendencia en pacientes oncológicos que viven la adultez media / Necessity of Trascendence in Oncological Patients Who are Middle-aged Adults

Objetivo principal: Identificar la presencia de necesidad de trascendencia y algunas características de esta en pacientes oncológicos en el periodo de adultez media. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio cuanti-cualitativo, no experimental, descriptivo y transversal, en el que participaron 21 pacientes oncológicos y 21 sujetos aparentemente sanos pertenecientes al Grupo Básico de Trabajo 1 del área de salud del Policlínico Mario Escalona Reguera. La investigación se desarrolló el mes de septiembre del año 2014 hasta marzo del año 2015 empleándose para la recogida de información, una encuesta y un escalograma. Resultados: Se constató el 95.2 por ciento de los pacientes oncológicos y el 80.9 por ciento de los sujetos aparentemente sanos consideran importante que después de no existir otras personas apliquen sus resultados exitosos alcanzados en vida. Dejar huellas, fue necesidad para el 33.3 por ciento de los pacientes y un 23.8 por ciento de los sujetos sanos. El 100 por ciento de los pacientes oncológicos consideran que sus acciones hoy pueden ser importantes para la vida de familiares y amigos en un mañana distante cuando ya no estén, lo que ocurre de manera similar entre los sujetos sanos. Las diferencia mayor estuvo en que entre los pacientes un 61.1 por ciento, del total reconocen que hacen cosas para lograr ese propósito, que es referido solo en el 19 por ciento de los sujetos sanos. Conclusiones: En ambos grupos de este estudio el hecho de trascender ha sido considerado importante. La trascendencia se ha transformado de manera significativa en una necesidad, solo en pacientes oncológicos. La necesidad de trascendencia siempre ha existido en los pacientes con cáncer como necesidad sentida, solo que después del momento del diagnóstico, se refuerza(AU)

Objective: Identify the presence of necessity of trascendence, and some of its characteristics in oncological patients who are middle-aged adults.Methods: It is a quantitative qualitative non-experimental descriptive cross-sectional study, in which 21 oncological patients, and 21 apparently healthy subjects from the basic group of work no 1, at Mario Escalona Reguera policlinic health area were the participants. The research was carried out from September2014 through March 2015. A survey and a scalogram were used to collect information.Results: It was found that 95.2 percent of oncological patients and 80.9 percent of apparently healthy people considered as something important that after they died, other people apply their successful results reached when they were alive. It was a necessity for 33.3 percent of patients, and for 23.8 percent of healthy subjects to leave traces. 100 percent of oncological patients consider that their current actions may be important for relatives and friends in a future, when they were not alive. This is also valid for healthy subjects. The main difference is that among patients, 61.1 percent out of the total recognize they do things to achieve this purpose, while among healthy subjects only 19 percent recognize that. Conclusions: In both groups, trascendence has been considered important. It has only been transformed into a significant necessity in oncological patients. Necessity of trascendence has always existed in patients suffering from cancer as a felt necessity, but after the diagnosis it is reinforced(AU)

Self-Esteem Among the Elderly Visiting the Healthcare Centers in Kermanshah-Iran (2012).

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Self-esteem is viewed the most decisive factor in the psychological development of the elderly. This study was performed to assess self-esteem among the elderly referring to the elderly consulting unit of the healthcare centers in Kermanshah, Iran. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was completed with 201 elderly respondents visiting the consulting unit of the healthcare services in Kermanshah, Iran. The samples were selected through convenience sampling. Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (RSC) was used to gather the required data. Data were analyzed by using both descriptive (frequency, mean, median and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (chi-square and independent t-test). RESULTS: The findings showed a mean of 35.63±5.25 for self-esteem, indicating a high level of self-esteem (66.2%) among the elderly. A statistically significant difference was reported between the mean of self-esteem and career (p<0.001), marital status (p<0.04), history of health problems (p<0.04), residence (p<0.001), education (p<0.001) and income (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: The findings of this study indicated that approximately one third of the elderly had a low self-esteem, which is indicative of the need to promote the self-esteem of the elderly in order to reduce their physical, psychological and social problems. Thus, it is necessary for the healthcare authorities to provide the elderly with financial, social and psychological support.